symptoms of coronary artery disease, investigation and treatment

Bypass surgery also called Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) is a surgical procedure performed to improve the blood flow through blocked artery of heart wherein a blood vessel (graft)from another part of the bodyis taken and an alternative route or a bypass is created.

Heart Bypass surgery cost in India ranges from USD 4500 to USD 6000 which may vary depending upon the specialist chosen, hospital , number of days in hospital , follow up costs .

For most of the patients who have heart bypass surgery, the graft stays open and works well for many years.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The cardiologist will advice CABG depending upon the severity of coronary heart disease, history of previous treatments, general health condition. Bypass is generally performed in cases of

Severe Coronary artery disease or atherosclerosis where coronary arteries become narrow due to fatty deposits thereby reducing blood flow causing an increased risk of heart attack .

When the blockage cannot be managed by medication or balloon angioplasty

Symptoms of coronary artery disease

• Angina
• Myocardial infarction
• Easy Fatigue,Breathlessness on slight exertion
• Palpitations
• Swelling in the hands and feet

Investigations 

• Coronary Angiography performed using dye to study the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, thus locating blockages.
• Stress Test performed while the heart is working hard due to physical exercises
• Echocardiography provides information about the size, shape, functioning of heart’s chambers and valves

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Bypass Surgery is performed under General anaesthesia with incision in the chest.Grafts can be taken from saphenous vein from the leg, internal mammary artery (IMA), or most commonly radial artery.

The  procedure takes 4 to 6 hours after that the patent is shifted to intensive care unit for monitoring, the patient is hospitalized for  4-7 days.Full recovery may take around two to three months depending on the fitness, age and the severity of the problem.

After bypass surgery there is relief from Angina and improved quality of living and better survival rate.

Recommended

Top doctors for bypass surgery in India

Bypass surgery does not prevent the blockage from recurring, but lifestyle and diet modifications are helpful in long run and patient can live symptom free for 10-15 years.

What are the causes of pain post knee replacement surgery

Knee replacements although complexed, however, are the common surgical procedures with high success rates. A knee replacement is performed when the knee joint is worn. It could be due to sports activity, wear and tear arthritis, a sudden jolt, etc.

How is it performed? What is the success rate?

In this process, damaged cartilage is removed and the end of the bones are shaped where a metal implant is fitted with a plastic spacer to fill the space between the implants. This surgical procedure allows for a smooth and natural movement of a joint.

Approximately 90 percent of outcomes are positive once the surgical procedure and rehabilitation part is done.

However, the remaining 10 percent tends to have negative or painful results due to postoperative infection or bone fracture around the replacement. In most cases, the main reason is the consistent pain around the newly placed joint.

What are the causes of pain?

It is important to find the main cause of pain behind the persistent discomfort due to insertion of implant. Following are the reasons that fall under these circumstances:

 

• Loosening of the implant: This kind of problem can generate ever after years or decades post replacement. Somehow, this cause is quite rare right after the surgery.

 

• Kneecap Problems: This is a common cause of knee replacement pain that can occur post surgery. These kneecaps become a headache even with a normal activity such as standing up while sitting, walking down/up the stairs, etc. Hence, one should get operated from the skilled and best knee replacement surgeon in India.

• Infection: Infection is a common but serious problem post surgery. It is directly proportional to the pain generated. The more you experience pain, the more you are prone to get infected. While it is obvious to get infected post-surgery, some infections become the cause of continuous discomfort.
• Alignment Issues: While some people are more concerned about the implant brand, the surgeon are mainly focused on how it should be inserted. If the implant is poorly placed, it wouldn’t function properly and becomes painful instead.

Diagnosis

Your physician can only diagnose the exact cause of pain if you communicate with them properly. It is only you who can describe the exact type and location of pain to come to a conclusion. If you’re able to tell the exact location of the pain, then your physician may be able to detect the underlying cause. However, it could be due to implant loosening, kneecap problem, swelling, redness or fever.

Radiology Tests

A regular may not be able to show up the exact reason. Therefore, a bone scan, MRI or specialty imaging tests are done to find the root cause of pain. MRI is best suitable in case of soft tissue injuries or to detect if the infection is related to bursitis or tendonitis.

Lab Tests

Lab tests are quite successful in defining the presence of infection. Performing tests on the affected area are quite risky and sensitive for identifying the infected area. Therefore, the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and a C-reactive protein (CRP) tests are used to detect the suspicion of infection.

Arthrocentesis is another procedure which is proven to be helpful. This involves the insertion of a needle into the joint to extract some fluid from around the implant. The fluid extracted also known as synovial fluid is then tested to discover the signs or cause of painful replacement.

According to a study, it is found that only 1-3% of knee replacement surgeries get infected and is the root cause of knee revision surgery.

Treatment

Once the tests are done and your physician has detected the main reason behind it. You will be treated accordingly. You may be given medications or physical therapy according to the degree of the pain else a revision knee replacement surgery is needed in case of loosening or alignment issues. Your surgeon gives the right guidance regarding what kind of treatment is suitable for you.

Final Thoughts

While the knee replacement surgeries have the highest success rate, there are some people who experience pain or worse post-surgery. This could be frustrating, but it is important to stay calm and seek a second opinion as there are chances that a revision replacement surgery would do no change.

BMT – A Cure for Many Diseases

What is Bone Marrow?

Bone marrow is the spongy and soft tissue inside bones that produces blood cells. Blood-forming cells are found in the umbilical cord blood and blood stream. These cells turn into blood cells including:

• Platelets, which controls bleeding
• Red blood cells, which carry oxygen throughout the body
• White blood cells, which fight infections

What is Bone Marrow Transplant?

A bone marrow transplant is a procedure to replace destroyed or damaged bone marrow with healthy one. This blood stem cells travel to bone marrow and produce new blood cells. There are three types of Bone Marrow Transplants:

• Autologous transplant

In Autologous Transplant, patient’s own blood-forming cells are collected, stored and frozen. They are then transferred to patient after chemotherapy or radiation. Doctor will decide when to collect the cells from patient, which are then frozen at bone marrow transplant hospitals in India until patient needs transplant.

• Allogeneic transplant

In allogeneic transplant, marrow is taken from unrelated donor. The donor can be family member or someone else. Patient get donated blood-forming cells from umbilical cord blood. This is the blood collected from placenta and umbilical cord after a baby is born.

• Haploidentical transplant

Haploidentical transplant is type of allogeneic transplant in which cells are collected from half-matched donor. The donor is a family member.

How are cells collected?

• Autologous transplant

For autologous transplant, there two options to collect cells:

• Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Collection (PBSC):

The cells collected from patients blood stream, this process is known as apheresis. Before apheresis, patient gets shots for few days to increase number of cells in blood stream. During apheresis, blood is removed from vein through an intravenous (IV) line, passed through vein and transferred back to vein. The machine collects the cells that will be used for transplant.

• Bone marrow collection:

In this procedure, cells are collected from hip bone before surgery. Patient get anesthesia and doctor uses a special needle to take out blood-forming cells from bone marrow.

• Allogeneic transplant

The doctor tests blood to find patient’s Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) type. HLA is a protein found in cells of body. The best outcomes happen when patient’s HLA is closely matches the donor’s HLA. Matching HLA markers is complex and once matched it helps to lower the risks after transplant. Doctor will look for matching donor in family usually sister or brother, because we inherit HLA markers from parents. Each sibling has 25% chances of completely matching patient.

About 70% of patients who need transplant don’t have match in their family. So, doctor will help you to search donor as soon as possible.

• Haploidentical

Haploidentical, or half-matched, donor is patient’s mother, father or child. Siblings have 50% chance of being half-match for each other and parents are half-match for children. This is a newer type of transplant, this means not all transplant centers perform this type of transplant

How does transplant work?

Transplant process includes various phases – stem cell collection from donor, conditioning with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, stem cell infusion, pre-engraftment bone marrow suppression and post-engraftment follow up.

Before transplant, patient gets chemotherapy, radiation therapy or both to destroy the diseased blood-forming cells and marrow. Then, damaged cells are replaced with healthy cells. These new cells go into bloodstream through intravenous (IV) line. The cells travel to marrow where they grow and start making healthy white blood cells, red blood cells and platelets.

Average time taken for engraftment is 3-4 weeks. After that patient is discharged and kept on oral medications to prevent infections and diseases. After the bone marrow transplant in India, the patient is monitored for first 3-6 months of transplant. The patient recovers completely in 3-12 months.

What diseases can BMT treat?

Bone marrow or cord blood transplant is the best treatment option for a cure for patients with lymphoma, leukemia, sickle cell anemia and many other diseases. Bone marrow transplant can treat:

• Leukemia
• Lymphoma
• Aplastic Anemia
• Sickle Cell Disease 
• Multiple Myeloma (MM) 
• Hodgkin’s lymphoma 
• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) 
• Myelofibrosis 
• Non-Hodgkins Lymphoma 
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) 
• Neuroblastoma 
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML)

What is Liver Cirrhosis – Causes, signs & treatment

Cirrhosis is fundamentally defined as the degenerative disease in which the normal cells are replaced by the scarred tissues. This mostly occurs as a result of long-term damage to the liver that may happen either due to excessive alcohol abuse or chronic hepatitis. The scarred tissues obstruct the flow of blood to the liver, hence slowing down the liver function to process nutrients, hormones, drugs, and natural toxins. The terminal stages of liver cirrhosis may eventually lead to chronic liver disease.

According to a report, nearly 4.5% to 9.5% of the general population that includes adults are affected by liver cirrhosis.

Possible causes of Liver Cirrhosis

There are several possible causes that have the potential to turn into liver cirrhosis, most common being alcohol and viral hepatitis.

Alcohol liver cirrhosis – The repeated and excessive use of alcohol for a long time can cause alcoholic liver disease. This may be noticed a decrease in the alcohol tolerance in drinkers. They also tend to suffer from severe hangovers than normal as the liver damage increases.

Viral Hepatitis– Most commonly Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C are involved in causing the cirrhosis as they may lead to chronic infections. Scarring mostly occurs in chronic infections lasting six months or more.

Genetic disorders– Some genetic disorders also create certain circumstances that lead to liver cirrhosis. For example, Wilson’s disease is a genetic deficiency which inhibits the body’s ability to metabolize copper. Consequently, the excessive amount of copper accumulates in the liver and other organs and destroy the tissues.

Also in hemochromatosis, the body absorbs excess amounts of iron, that causes damage to the liver. This is more common in men (in the age of 40-60) than in women.

Additionally, some infants are born with the deficiency of galactosemia, which is an enzyme needed to digest the milk sugar, galactose. Consequently, the milk sugar accumulates in the liver that may lead to the liver cirrhosis. This may be fatal if not treated on time.

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis – This is a progressive liver disease in which a buildup of bile is created in the liver that results in damage to the bile ducts that drain the bile from the liver. Eventually, excessive pressure is created that destroys the bile ducts, hence causing liver damage which ultimately leads to liver cell death.

Some of the other causes that may lead to liver cirrhosis are as follows:

• Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (obesity)
• Auto-immune hepatitis
• Cystic fibrosis
• Genetic digestive disorder
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis (hardening and scarring of bile ducts)
• Infection such as syphilis.
• Medications such as methotrexate or isoniazid

 

Signs and symptoms

 

At initial stages of cirrhosis of liver symptoms may include:

• Reduced appetite or anorexia
• Bleeding of nose
• Jaundice or yellow discoloration in eyes
• Weight loss
• Weakness
• Itchiness in the skin
• Easy bleeding or bruising of the skin
• Redness on the hands

At a progressive stage, the signs may include:

• Abdominal swelling
• Swelling in the legs
• Impotency
• Confusion, drowsiness and slurred speech
• Gynecomastia (breast enlargement in males)
• Discoloration of the stools
• Blood in the stools
• Change in the color of the urine
• Fever

What are the complications of liver cirrhosis?

• Splenomegaly
• Hepatic encephalopathy
• Increased bone loss
• Increased risk of liver cancer
• Kidney failure
• Gallstones
• Malnutrition
• Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes
• Bruising (due to low platelet count)
• Esophageal varices
• Edema and ascites

Treatment

The treatment of liver cirrhosis is commonly done in India. Most of the best Gastroenterologist in India prefer to do the liver transplant for this condition.

Before starting the treatment, certain investigations are done to confirm the diagnosis. These investigations include:

• Complete blood count
• Coagulation blood test
• Albumin test
• Liver function tests
• Alpha-fetoprotein (a screening test for liver cancer)

Other than these, the radiology tests are also conducted such as:

• Upper endoscopy test
• Ultrasound scan of the liver
• MRI abdomen
• CT scan of the abdomen
• Liver biopsy (this is a definitive test for liver cirrhosis)

Other than the liver transplant, the doctors also treat the patients for the symptoms and complications that occur due to the condition such as

• Treatment for alcohol dependency
• Weight loss
• Medications for chronic hepatitis
• Beta-blocker medications for portal hypertension
• Banding (for esophageal varices)
• Intravenous antibiotics (to treat ascites or abdominal swelling)
• Hemodialysis (for kidney failure)
• Lactulose and low protein diet (for encephalopathy)

Liver Transplant Cost in India

India is a hub for medical tourism and provides several complex treatments at an affordable cost. Some of the best hepatology hospitals in India are well-equipped with world-class technology and modern devices. The liver transplant cost in India is quite reasonable due to which a number of patients across the globe prefer to come to India for the surgery.

Things that tell that you have Nasal Septum Deviation

The nasal septum is a bone and cartilage that form the divides the left and the right nostril.

Normally, the nasal septum lies in the center of the nasal cavity. However, it may get deviated to one side of the nose in some cases, which is known as Deviated Nasal Septum.

The nasal septum deviation, in its severe form, can block one side of the nose due to reduced airflow. This causes difficulty in breathing. Moreover, it may lead to drying of the nasal mucous and more chances of infection due to overexposure of air of the other side.

What causes the Nasal Septum Deviation?

Congenital – In most of the cases, the nasal septum deviation is genetic. It develops in utero, while the fetus is still within the womb. The cases were related to challenges that were faced during the birth or in babies with larger birth weight.

Trauma or Injury – Any injury during the birth may cause a deviation in cases of infants. Otherwise, it may be caused by an accident, fall or while playing sports.

There are some factors that might aggravate the symptoms of a deviated nasal septum such as swelling in the nasal tissues due to an infection or inflammation such as rhinitis or rhino sinusitis. Moreover, the natural process also leads to changes in the bone structures of the nose, which might create worsening of the problem.

Symptoms that indicate the nasal septum deviation

• Nasal obstruction – The first and most noticeable sign is the blockage of the nasal passage. This causes difficulty in breathing. The blockage is often on one side of the nose. This becomes more prominent when one has a cold, allergy or respiratory infection.
• Nose bleeding- Increased exposure of the mucous membrane to air causes dryness and more chances of bleeding.
• Noisy breathing during sleep – Again due to obstruction of the nasal passages, noises can be heard during sleeping due to difficulty breathing.
• Frequent sinus infections
• Nasal congestion
• Facial pain
• Sleep apnea
• Headache
• Post-nasal drip

Complications such as dry mouth due to excessive mouth breathing increased pressure in the nasal passages and disturbed sleep may also occur if not treated on time.

How is it treated?

The condition is left untreated unless it is causing trouble to the patient. The first priority of the surgeon is to treat it non-surgically with some medications that help in reducing the swelling of the nasal tissues and treat conditions like cold, allergy or infection if any.

If the symptoms continue to persist, surgery is a choice. The nasal septum deviation surgery is known as Septoplasty. It involves correction of nasal septum by making a small incision.

Procedure

• Before the procedure, the doctor will ask you to stop taking blood thinning medications such as aspirin or Advil if you are on it. This is done to reduce the excessive bleeding that might take place during the surgery,
• You will also be told not to eat or drink anything a night before surgery. This will prevent any vomiting or choking while you are on anesthesia.
• The surgery is done under general anesthesia in most of the cases. However, the surgeon may also prefer to do it with local anesthesia.
• The procedure may take 30 to 90 minutes to complete. An incision is made on one side of the nose and nasal mucous is lifted up. Then, the nasal septum is moved to its original position.
• This is followed by suturing and dressing of the nose.

The success rate of the surgery is very high. Most of the surgeries done by the Best ENT Surgeons in India are successful, do not reverse back and heal fast.

Recovery after the surgery

• In order to recover faster, the patient must reduce the physical activity such as exercise, running, weight lifting etc for some weeks after the surgery. These activities may increase the nasal pressure leading to a heavy nose bleed.
• Elevate the head while sleeping to prevent swelling
• Do not blow the nose for 3-4 days after the surgery.
• Wear clothes that have zippers or buttons in the front, so that they don’t have to be pulled up over the head.

Cost of septoplasty in India

Some of the Best ENT Hospitals in India have the best infrastructure and modern devices to perform this time of surgery at reasonable costs. The average cost of the nasal septum deviation surgery in India lies around USD 2000.

How to Care for a Newborn Baby

Neonatologists are made by an advanced course of pediatrics. Newborns should be shown immediately after birth. They are experts in neonatal problems and check-ups etc. Sometimes the small-sighted problem can cause a problem for life. To avoid this, they must consult them.

If you are living in Delhi, then Search neonatologist in Delhi. Credihealth Website is a one of best medical assistance company. It’s the very big portal for best doctors from top hospitals in India.

The care of the newborn has to be done with great delicacy. After the birth, the child has to take care of mother’s milk in adequate quantities, her clothes, her crying, Nappy pollution etc. are to be kept in mind.

There can be many problems if you do not experience these things. Let’s look after the care of a newborn baby i.e. how to take care of the baby after birth.

With the experience of grandmother and grandmother in the joint family, the care of the baby becomes very easy. They have good information about home remedies for children. All the members of the family take care of the child together.

Newly-born parents do not have the full experience of child care in a single family. Know the important things related to the care of newborns by knowing the role of being a good parent.

How to modus of newborn care

The first and most important part of the care of the newborn is to show the child’s doctor immediately after birth and make sure that the child is absolutely fine.

If the child does not pee, the child does not carry completely, the child is too overweight or has very little weight, should immediately contact the doctor and inform him. If the child’s skin is yellow, then the possibility of jaundice is possible. In such a situation, let the child see light sunlight from the doctor’s advice.

Breast milk should be provided to the newborn Baby

After birth, the baby needs a mother’s milk. This is the beginning of the first association with his world. The baby does not have to drink milk from mother’s breast for New birth. She has to teach a little.

Drinking milk from the breast of a newborn is part of the innate function. With the mother’s patient help, the baby starts drinking milk. The first thick and yellow milk baby should be fed to the mother. This first milk is called cholesterom. This results in tremendous development of disease resistant power in the child. By which the child is healthy.

The child feels comfortable with the mother’s touch and sleeps as she becomes the mother of the mother in the womb. The baby should rotate with breast milk. If there is a lack of milk in the breast, then it should try to increase it.

It should be taken care of when the child does not have trouble breathing while giving milk. Make the infant’s breathable place by pressing the breast slightly with the finger. Excess milk should be removed if milk is more than needed in the breast. Otherwise, the breast may have pain in the breast.

How to lift a Baby

The new baby is very delicate, it should be carefully taken in the lap. While lifting the baby, one hand must be underneath the neck and head. Put the second hand under the hips.
In this way raise your whole body to support itself. The baby’s neck is very weak, can not handle the weight of the head. So keep special care. The child should not be raised by holding hands only.

How much baby Sleep

A newborn baby sleeps about 18 hours. But not continuously. He goes to the world again and again. But should not be upset or angry. Either he must have wetted or he will be hungry. He gets hungry every two hours. Because his stomach is very small.

Sometimes the child wants your adoption or wants some comfort. The baby sometimes smiles in sleep, then suddenly starts shouting in sleep and starts crying all the time. If you start crying suddenly in sleep, keep your hands warmly with her breast slightly, she will feel good. These are all normal.

A child up to 4 months sleeps 10 to 16 hours. Neptune repeatedly makes it messy. Milk drinks. This is his routine. 10-12 nappy dirty until the baby is born a month.

Parents should make arrangements for everything like Nepali even before the baby is born. The clothes worn on the baby should be very soft, airy, and easily replaceable. The way we feel cold or heat will also be felt. Therefore, it should be specially managed to avoid cold or heat. Mosquito nets should be arranged.

Baby Pillow

The head of a newborn baby is so gentle that sometimes its head gets flattened from the back. Under the head of the child, the pillow should be put in such a way that the shape of her head does not get spoiled. Behind the head should be either a very fine pillow or a pillow which is especially available for the baby.

Small baby vomiting after drinking milk

The baby does not know how much milk he should drink. Sometimes the reason for drinking excess milk is to not panic if you remove the baby milk. This is very common. Most babies do this.

If possible, after feeding the infant, it should be kept straight on the shoulder so that the drunken milk should fall down and the gas will drop out of the baby’s stomach. Fix the milking time. It is not right to keep milk at all times. Keep a gap of one and a half to two hours.

Development of the child after birth

The baby should be taken all vaccine from time to time. Vaccination is very important. Even if he is older than this he is also protected from serious diseases.

For this, a vaccine chart should be prepared in which all the vaccines should be written in writing from memory. Also, the baby’s progress chart should be made. By which writing its weight, it is known whether or not the baby is developing properly with time.

The birth certificate should be prepared immediately from the papers hospital related to the birth of the child and birth certificate from the municipal corporation.

Know about depression and how it is treated

Today, this part of the race is busy, we are busy with a crowd of people throughout the day, but nowhere in the midst of our and disturbance starts in life. Because our routine becomes so busy that we can not find time for ourselves. a lot of thoughts moves on your mind throughout the day. One day that can take the form of any mental illness that is called depression.

There is a misconception about depression or brain disorder that it is only those who have had a major accident in life or who have many reasons for being unhappy.

People often ask, “Why do you have depression? What is lacking in your life? ” It is completely wrong. During the depression, the formation of hormones such as oxytocin in the human body decreases. That is why you can not be happy even in the depression. You must have seen a person who talks to himself or someone who always talks about death. Every little thing rises on. You may also have met those happy people and Mast people. Those who do not believe in the news of suicide Such people are victims of depression or mental discomfort.

Symptoms of Depression:-

• If you do not remember when you were last time happy.
• You feel a hard job even with the daily routine of getting up from bed or bathing.
• You start cutting with people.
• You hate yourself and want to kild yourself.
• If you search for suicide methods on Google in addition to these things then you should consult the help immediately to a neurologist.

You need to find the best neurologist in Delhi, you can also find doctor other cities, like a choose Credihealth website its very good website and you can select the best neuro doctor from top hospitals.

How to treat a mental patient

There is no need to be ‘mad’ to go to a psychiatrist or psychiatrist. Nor will you be called ‘crazy’ by going to a psychiatrist. Start looking at health and diseases from this point of view, because the mind is yours and the body is yours too. The doctor will decide whether you will be treated with therapy or counseling or even medicines. If illnesses are serious, for example, some strange, poor voices are heard.

He is seeing or hearing something that is not the other, or if someone is trying to harm himself, then family and friends have the responsibility to take him to the doctor because in such condition the patient never accepted himself. Would he be sick It can be improved by bringing changes in medicines, therapy, and lifestyle? When the patient is not being affected by medicines If someone is bent on taking his life and he has to be quick to control, then shock therapy may also be needed.

Mental Health Service Bill 2016

Let me tell you that a few days ago, Mental Healthcare Bill-2013 was passed in the Lok Sabha, which gives protection and treatment to people suffering from mental illness. This law is quite progressive in itself, which empowers patients. According to the bill’s provisions, mental illnesses will now be covered in medical insurance. Any healthy person can choose his nominee, who will take care of him in the condition of mental discomfort.

A person suffering from a serious mental problem cannot be removed or separated from the family. Nor will it be compelled to be compelled with any kind. Most important thing Now the attempt of suicide has been made out of the scope of the crime. That means those who try to finish their life will not be sent to jail but they will be given medical help.

Things to Know about Pace-Makers

Now understand the pacemaker deeper. By the way, know also that the knowledge of the Pace-Maker is so deep that I will tell you a lot of things that are worth the work, they are like the deep water in the place of ‘penetration’. But that’s enough.

The ‘Pace-Maker’ machine consists of two parts.

The one with the battery, the ‘box’ which is equal to the coin of two rupees, from which it will come out as a current, that part. The second is the wire or lead which will bring this current to heart. The sensors are in the lead. They sensed the heart’s disturbances. Give the information to the box. One end of the lead is connected to the box. The box is fixed in the chest out of the heart. The second end of the lead is going out of the box, going into the heart. On the basis of which sensing the heart’s heart, the small computer part of the box will either send it to its heart or stop it if it does not feel necessary, depending on the matter. To stop the current on the senses, or to keep it going without sending it, or to stop-sending itself is to decide the pacemaker itself – this thing is called pacemaker’s programming. We put the pacemaker programmed when we put it in the body. His motion of the moment (how many minutes per minute?) And so on. Even after years of occurrence, a programmer named Programmer can change the pacemaker’s programming later by putting it on a chest like a stethoscope. Nowadays all pacemakers are programmable.

Now the question arises in the mind that when doctors will apply me a pacemaker, then how will it be imposed?

In addition to some emergencies, pacemakers are applied only by planning. It is a small operation, but in an attempt to put the right place in the heart of Keith-Lab, it is similar to the examination of the knowledge, skill and patience of the chordiologist. In this operation, you will not be given any medication for fainting or sleeping. You will be in full consciousness. You will be able to talk to the doctor. Then will it be too painful? No, the pain will not be sudden. That part of the skin will be numbed through local anesthesia so that you will not know anything again that there is scarcity in it. Anyway, there is no major operation, but just under the chest, there is a small incision in the skin just below the collar bone (hansuli). Through this incision, it is necessary to fix the stamps on the chest by placing the coin equal to the pacemaker box just below the skin and fat. Usually five to ten minutes work

Do not fall in the confusion with pacemaker’s life time warranty. It does not run throughout life Its battery dies in a decade of ‘

The real work is to bring the wire or the lead to the heart and fix it to such a right place so that it does not move away from its place and move away from its place. The lead is inserted into the heart through the conformation of a blood vessel (subclavian vein) going down from the collar bone. This vein is going straight to the heart. Lead once reached the heart and then it comes to the heart in a right place. It can take up to half an hour and how much time it can take. The cardiologist will continue to move the lead until he finds the right place where the curtain is not getting any obstruction or obstacle. It is now tested by a machine laid out. Once the lead is fixed in the right place, then it is screwed in the box, the remaining remaining bunch of the lead and the box is sewn under the skin. Bus, got Pace-maker During this time the patient will not have any pain, nor will he be unconscious. It will be expected from the patient that he is lying silently for one and a half hours straight.

Is there any danger in this operation?

Absolutely May Honor. The matter of heart is like this. By the way, there is no danger at all. Occasionally the blood is collected by the blood under the skin, or there is an infection in the skin. If the doctor exercises caution, then all this will never happen. When the second vein is accidentally punctured, or when the lungs are fractured right down to the blood, the big risk is created. The doctor takes care of him too. This is a very safe operation in the hands of competent cardiologists.

What precautions should be taken after getting the pacemaker?

After getting it will be discharged in four or five days. After a month they will invite you once and then programming the pacemaker. Then after six months or at one year intervals Remember some things.

• No problem, but once a year check the pacemaker.
• Never get any doctor, even if you have written your MRI examination due to any other illness. MRI creates a powerful magnetic field that can suddenly stop the pacemaker. Let every doctor know that you have a pacemaker.
• Before entering the gate of the security check on the airport, tell them that you have a pacemaker. Safety alarm can be played from pacemaker.
• Do not fall in the confusion with pacemaker’s life time warranty. It does not run throughout life Its battery will end in about a decade. Seven months before regular programming, you will know that the battery needs to be changed. Sometimes the pacemaker may close down and become deadly.

If you ever advise any doctor for Pacemaker Cost in India then visit Credihealth website to check all details related to Pacemaker treatment such as Cost, Precaution, surgery cost, etc.

Ovarian Torsion Causes, Symptoms And Treatment

Ovary torsion also called adnexal toranion or tubo-ovarian torsion, is the turning of the ovaries and part of the fallopian tubes, due to which the stumps are also twisted and this is a serious painful condition.

It can be intermittent or continuous and can cause obstruction of the artery or lymphatic system. This is a condition of gynecological emergencies and requires the immediate operation to prevent ovulation of ovaries.

Causes:

There is a torso due to two main reasons (Torsion happens mainly due to two causes):

Ovary mass (seen in approximately 50-80% of cases)

Lumps such as a dermoid lump or mercury ovarian lump are common causes

The most risk is in the 5-10 centimeter lump

Ovarian hyperactivity (<50% of cases seen)

The ovaries have been seen in most of the young women (15-30 years) and menopausal women. Approximately 20% of cases occur in pregnant women.

Symptoms:

Ovarian torsion symptoms are not very specific

Symptoms may include:

• Pain in lower stomach and pelvic
• Nausea
• Vomit
• fever
• Diagnosis:
• Physician examination can detect a mass or lump in the stomach.

When the doctor tests the ovary, the pain may be felt.

The presence of ovary growth or lump may appear in the ultrasound examination.

Doppler Flow Ultrasound helps in the diagnosis of ovary torsion.

Treatment:

Ovary torsion is an emergency in which urgent surgery is needed to stop ovarian necrosis. In most cases, the ovary is not salable, so surgery is done to remove the ovary and the tube on that side. If the ovary does not have blood supply and dead tissue, surgery can be done to correct the ovaries.

Complications:

If the ovary is not removed, then ovary can be infected due to dead tissue and may cause inflammation, abscess or peritonitis of the stomach layer.

If not treated aggressively, it can cause a septic shock that can be fatal.

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Parkinson’s disease – Signs, Symptoms, prevention & Diagnosis

What is Parkinson’s disease?

Parkinson’s disease is a rapidly spreading disorder of the nervous system, which affects your activities. It gradually develops. This disease sometimes starts with vibrations that occur in only one hand. But, when vibration becomes the most prominent indication of Parkinson’s disease, it also causes the disorder or the slow activities.
In the early stages of Parkinson’s disease, your face gesture may be reduced or stopped or your arms can stop moving while walking. Your voice may be slow or ambiguous. Over time, symptoms of Parkinson’s disease have become increasingly acute.

Parkinson’s disease is not known due to the disease and it requires a lot of research. Parkinson’s disease can not be cured, but medicines can improve your symptoms. In some cases, therapists may suggest surgery for some areas of your brain and improve symptoms.

What are the signs and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease?

The symptoms and signs of this disease can vary in every person. Early signs can be low and do not easily attract anyone’s attention towards yourself. Its symptoms often begin to appear on one side of your body and the condition worsens. After this the whole body seems to be affected by the symptoms.

Indications and symptoms of Parkinson’s disease may include the following –

Vibration: Shaking or moving usually starts with your hands or fingers. Due to this, your thumb and index finger may begin to rub each other, called “Pill-Rolling Tremor”. One of the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease is the restlessness in your hands in a relaxed state.

Slow activity (bradychinasia): Over time, this disease can reduce your ability to move and work, due to which there is difficulty in doing an easy task and time is high. Your walking speed may be slow or you may have difficulty standing. Apart from this, you try to drag the feet down, which makes it difficult to walk.

Hard muscles: Muscle stiffness may occur in any part of your body. Strict muscles can limit your speed and cause pain.

Deteriorating currency and imbalance: As a result of Parkinson’s disease, your body may bend or the problem of imbalance can be.

Loss of automated activities: In Parkinson’s disease, the ability to do unconscious acts may decrease, including blinking of the eyelids, smiling or moving the hands. While talking, you can not have greed for a long time on your face.

Change in voice: As a result of Parkinson’s disease, accentual problems can occur. Your vocabulary can be slow, intense and unclear or you may feel hesitant before talking. Your sound becomes much worse than normal infection. Vocals and language practitioners can help in troubleshooting your pronunciation problems.

Change in handwriting: The handwriting may be small and may be difficult to write.

Medicines can reduce many of these symptoms. See the section “Treatment” below for more information.

When to show the doctor?

If you see any symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease, contact your doctor. Consult the physician also to test your condition and to address other causes of symptoms.

Parkinson’s Disease Causes & Risk Factors

Due to Parkinson’s disease:
In Parkinson’s disease, some nerve cells (neurons) present in the brain gradually get spoiled or destroyed. Neurons produce chemicals called dopamine in our brain.
Due to the destruction of these neurons many symptoms arise. The decrease in dopamine levels causes abnormal brain activity, which results in signs of Parkinson’s disease.

The cause of Parkinson’s disease is unknown, but there may be several factors for this, which are the following:

Genes: Researchers have identified specific genetic mutations, which can cause Parkinson’s disease. However, these are unusual except for rare cases of Parkinson’s disease-related family members.

Environmental reasons: The effect of some toxic substances or environmental factors can increase the risk of Parkinson’s disease of the last stage, but overall they have less risk of Parkinson’s disease.

In essence, more research is needed to identify responsible factors for Parkinson’s disease.

What are the risk factors for Parkinson’s disease?

Risk factors of Parkinson’s disease include:

Increasing age: Parkinson’s disease is rarely found in young people. It usually starts in the middle or the last stages of life and the risk increases with age. This disease usually develops in people 60 years of age or older.

Heredity: Due to the Parkinson’s disease being related to one of your close relatives, you are more likely to get this disease. However, as long as many members of your family do not get this disease, then your risk is low.

Men more risk: Men are more likely to develop Parkinson’s disease than women.

Exposure to toxic substances: In the constant contact of herbicides and insecticides, your risk of Parkinson’s disease can be slightly increased.

Prevention of Parkinson’s Disease

How can preventing Parkinson’s disease?
Since the cause of this disease is unknown, therefore its methods of prevention are also a mystery. However, some research has shown that caffeine found in coffee, tea and coca cola can reduce the risk of developing Parkinson’s disease. Green tea may also be helpful in reducing its risk.
Some research has shown that regular aerobic exercise can reduce the risk of this disease.

Diagnosis of Parkinson’s Disease

How to diagnose / diagnose Parkinson’s disease?
There is currently no special investigation to test Parkinson’s disease. In the conditions of nervous system, the trained neurologist will diagnose your medical history, your signs and symptoms, and on the basis of a neurological and physical examination. At the same time, your physician may recommend testing to overcome other conditions, which may be the cause of your symptoms.
In addition to the test, doctors can give you Parkinson’s drug ‘carbidopa-levodopa’. If taking this medicine significantly improves it, it is often considered a confirmation of Parkinson’s disease. Sufficient doses should be given to see the effect of the drug, because lower dosage is not beneficial for one or two days. For the best response the drug should take empty stomach at least one hour before eating it. Sometimes it takes a long time to diagnose the disease. In order to evaluate your condition and symptoms from time to time, and to diagnose the disease, you may suggest regular examination of a trained neurologist.

Parkinson’s Disease Treatment

What is the treatment of Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s disease can not be cured, but medicines can help to control your symptoms. In some serious cases, surgery can be advised.
Your doctor may also recommend changes in lifestyle, especially aerobic exercise. In some cases, physical therapy is also very important. It is emphasized on balance and stretching.

1. Medicines

Medicines can help in relieving problems related to your movements, activity and tremor by increasing the supply of dopamine in your brain. However, dopamine can not be given directly because it can not enter your brain.
After the treatment of Parkinson’s disease begins, there may be significant improvement in your symptoms. Over time, the effects of medicines are often reduced, though the symptoms can usually be controlled very well.

Your doctor may prescribe the following medicines –

Carbidopa-levodopa
Levodopa is the most effective drug in Parkinson’s disease. It is a natural chemical that goes into your brain and gets converted into dopamine. Nausea or dizziness (orthostatic hypotension) can have side effects.
After several years, when your disease increases, the effect of levodopa medication can not be stable and may be more or less. Apart from this, you may experience involuntary activities (Dyskensia) after having a higher dose of levodopa. Your doctor may reduce your dose of medication or regulate the time taken for medication to control these effects.

Dopamine agonists
Agonists produce dopamine-like effects in the brain. These Parkinson’s are not as effective as Levodopa in treating the symptoms of the disease. However, their effects last longer and they can be used with levodopa in order to reduce the greater effect of levodopa. Some side effects of dopamine agonists are similar to levodopa, but they include hallucinations, swelling, sleepiness, and repeated behaviors – such as playing gambling –

MAO-B inhibitors
These help prevent brain damage of dopamine by blocking the brain enzyme called monoaman oxidase B (MAO-B). This enzyme divides the brain into dopamine into smaller sections. Side effects may include nausea or headache. Taking these drugs with levodopa increases the risk of hallucinations. Due to the serious but rare effects, these drugs are often not used in combination with antidepressants or certain types of nerotics. Contact your doctor before taking any additional medication with Mao-B Inhibitors.

Catechol o-methyltransferase (COT) inhibitor
This drug enhances the effect of levodopa therapy by blocking the enzyme that breaks the dopamine. Side effects include the risk of involuntary activity (dyskinesia), which increases mainly due to the effects of levodopa’s dietary dosage. Other side effects include side effects caused by high amounts of diarrhea or levodopa.

Anticoolinergic
These medicines have been used for many years to control vibrations associated with Parkinson’s disease. However, the slight advantages of these drugs often do not affect the side effects, such as weakness in memory, delusions, hallucinations, constipation, dryness in the mouth and problems in urine.

Amantadine 
With the initial stage of Parkinson’s disease symptoms, you can suggest doctor amantadine for some time. It can also be given with Levodopa therapy at the later stages of Parkinson’s disease to control the involuntary activities (dyskennesia) induced by Carbidopa Levodopa. The side effects may include a purple spot on the skin, ankle swelling or hallucinations.

2. Surgery procedures

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) – In the surgeon implants the electrode in a specific part of your brain. The electrodes are attached to the implanted generator in your chest near your collarbone. They send electrons in your brain and can reduce the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease.
The risks associated with surgery include infection, stroke or brain hemorrhage. Some people have to face problems related to the DBS system or experience complications due to stimulation. Your doctor may need to adjust or change some parts of the related system.
Deep DBS is used mostly for people suffering from high-stage Parkinson’s disease, who respond to unstable responses to the Levodopa drug.
DBS can continue to improve the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease, and these remain after several years of improvement. However, DBS Parkinson can not completely stop the disease from growing.

Parkinson’s Disease Complications

What other problems can be caused by Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s disease often occurs with the following additional problems that can be cured –

Hard to think: You may experience cognitive problems (dementia / dementia) and difficulty in thinking. This usually happens in the later stages of Parkinson’s disease. Such cognitive problems (Cognitive Problems) do not show a more positive response to medicines.

Depression and emotional changes: A person with Parkinson’s disease may have a depression. You can also experience other emotional changes, such as fear of fear, anxiety or motivation. Doctors can give you medicines to treat these symptoms.

Swallowing Problems: If there is progress in your situation, you may have problems related to swallowing. This is not a serious problem in specific Parkinson’s disease. Due to gradual swallowing, saliva may accumulate in your mouth and drip out of the mouth due to swallowing.

Sleep problems: People with Parkinson’s disease often have sleeping problems, such as sleeping in the night, getting up early or sleeping in the daytime.

Bladder related problems: Bladder problems can arise in this disease, including inability to control urine or pain or trouble in urinating. (Read more – UTI treatment)

Constipation: Many people with Parkinson’s disease get constipation, mainly due to the slow functioning of the digestive system.

You can also experience the following –

Changes in blood pressure: When you are standing due to a sudden reduction in blood pressure (orthostatic hypotension), you may feel dizziness or weakness.

Sniffing trouble: You may experience hormonal problems. You may have difficulty finding an odor or finding the difference between one or more odor.

Fatigue:  Difficulty finding the difference between or more than one smell can be difficult.
Fatigue – Many people with this disease lack energy and they feel tired

Pain: Many people in this illness either have pain in specific parts of the body or in the whole body.

Sexual dysfunction: Some people suffering from this disease often lose libido.

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